Economic Relations
between Kazakhstan and Russia
1
Учебный материал
РОССИЙСКОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ РЕФЕРАТОВ (с) 1996
http://referat.students.ru; http://www.referats.net;
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
1. THE RUSSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RATIOES AT THE PRESENT STAGE 5
1.1 Mutual Trade
8
1.2 Cooperating in oil gas and power
15
1.3 Cooperating in sphere of transport and communication
18
2. CONDITION OF FOREIGN TRADE BOTH DEV'T OF THE JOINT /
ENTERPRISES KAZAKHSAN AND RUSSIA
2.1 Some aspects of economic interaction Kazakhstan and Russia
22
2.2 THE FACTORS OF ECONOMIC INTERACTION OF KAZAKHSTAN AND
RUSSIA 24
2.3 Engaging the foreign investments
26
2.4 Cooperating in the field of electric power industry
27
2.5 Cooperating in the field of machine construction industry
28
2.6 Cooperating in the field of a uranium industry
29
3. INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS,
KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA
31
3.1 The Eurasian Union: Realities and Perspectives
34
4. VITAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT-DAY STATE OF 44
KAZAKHSTANI-RUSSIAN RELATIONS
CONCLUSION
61
LIST OF USED SOURSES
65
INTRODUCTION
The origins of Kazakhstani-Russian relations lie in hoary
antiquity, when Kazakhs and Russians lived on the vast Eurasian
territory and, being neighbors, developed good-neighborly relations
in all the spheres of human activity.
In analyzing the relations between Rus and the Great Steppe,
one cannot fail to mention the work of the greatest specialist in
this field, Lev N. Gumilyov. In his preface to Gumilyov's book,
Ancient Rus and the Great Steppe, Academician Dmitry S. Likhachev
wrote this: Rightly taking into account the links between
subsistence economy and the level of prosperity of ancient
societies, and thus their military power, the author also compares
historical events and climactic fluctuations of the steppe zone of
Eurasia. In this way he arrived at a series of clarifications,
which enabled him to describe in detail the historical-geographic
backdrop against which various cultural influences came in conflict
with the local forms of the original culture of Eastern Europe.
It must be noted in any analysis of the emergence of the 15
new, post-Soviet states on the map of Eurasia that certain specific
features marked the genesis of each of them. The present study
focuses on the processes of sovereignty of Kazakhstan, and the
specificity of these processes lies in that from the very beginning
the republic's political leadership did not initiate centrifugal
tendencies, regarding reasonable integration an imperative of the
times and endeavoring to ease as much as possible the destructive
consequences at every stage in the disintegration of the Soviet
Union. Kazakhstan was the last former Soviet republic to declare
its independence - not out of any strong gravitation toward the
past or peripheral political development let us recall that
Kazakhstan was one of the first to experience, in December 1986,
the repressive power of totalitarianism then already withering away
but because it understood that artificial acceleration of this
process is fraught with the danger of serious upheavals. The
history of numerous bloody ethnic, social, and even interstate
conflicts in the post-Soviet space bears striking evidence of that.
The immediate subject matter of the present study is not just
the isolated process of the sovereignty of one of the post-Soviet
countries but the emergence and development against this background
of new interstate relations of two major republics of the Soviet
Union, Kazakhstan and Russia. In our view, it is relations between
precisely these two countries that can be seen as a model for the
establishment of equal and mutually advantageous between newly
independent states. This view is borne out by a sufficiently smooth
and planned, though far from problem-free, development of bilateral
Kazakhstani-Russian relations, a meaningful historical tradition of
mutual relations, and an absence of sharp turns or wavering due to
subjective or external causes.
Another unifying factor is time-the many centuries of the
history of mutual relations between the peoples of the two
countries that have been neighbors in these great open spaces since
the beginning of time. This far from simple history, full of drama
and heroism, these strata of time bound together by the unremitting
toil of numerous generations, unite the two peoples.
The Soviet period in the relations between the two states let
us recall that, according to the 1977 Constitution of the USSR, the
constituent republics of the Soviet Union were declared to be
"sovereign Soviet socialist states" united in the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics and having the right to enter into relations
with foreign states, conclude treaties and exchange diplomatic
representatives, and - theoretically -secede from the USSR was
marked by the prevalence of the so-called converted forms. The
ubiquitous and all-round dominance of All-Union structures made
meaningless all talk of real interstate relations between
Kazakhstan and Russia. Both sides were in this case the objects of
a grandiose social experiment. Although positive achievements of
tills period cannot be discarded either.
The emergence and further development of relations of equal
partnership between new independent states, the Republic of
Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, became a sort of synthesis
of the entire centuries-old history of Kazakh-Russian relations.
Only now can the relations between the two countries be justifiably
described as subject-subject ones. At this stage, both states
solved such problems as defining their status in the system of
world politics, establishing relations with leading world nations,
and entering the field of international law.
The dominant role of Kazakhstani problems