Учебный материал
РОССИЙСКОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ РЕФЕРАТОВ (с) 1996
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KAZAKHSTAN, ASTANA, ALMATY.
It is situated both in Asia and in Europe. The
territory of it's as largest as the territories of Italy,
Spain, France, Portugal and Greece taken together.
Kazakhstan borders on Kirgizia, Uzbikistan, Turkministan
in the south, China in the east and Russia in the north.
There are a lot of hills, mountains on its territory. The
greatest of them are the Alatow, Tian-Shian mountains,
besides there are long rivers in my country. The main
rivers are the Ural, the Irtysh, the Tobol, the Syrdaria.
The Kaspian sea, the largest lake in the world is
situated in my country too. Besides this famous lake
there are such lakes as the Balhash, the Issyck-Kul. The
Aral sea is situated in Kazakhstan too. Some years ago,
is was large and beatiful, and nowadays the government of
Kazakhstan suffers about the Aral sea's future. Many
people, hearing about Kazakhstan, think about steppes and
villages, but it's not true. I think, our president is to
do something for glory of our country, cause some people
don't know, where my country is, it's bad. In the north
of Kazakhstan, winters are very cold and summers are very
hot, and there are more rains in the north and east of
Kazakhstan, but in the south there almost no rains.
Kazakhstan has coal, oil, gas, gold and other minerals,
which now are richening. Coal industry is developed in
Mangyshlack. Chemical industry is highly developed in
Tshymkent and Karaganda. Agriculture is also developed in
my country. Fruits, vegetables are grown here. Cattle
farming and sheep farming are very important here too.
The population of Kazakhstan more than 16 million people.
My country is a multinational state. More than one
hundred nationalities live here. Kazakhstan is an
independent state, it got it's independence on 16 of
December in 1995 year. It's new constitution was adopted
in 1993 on 28th of January. The first president of our
state is Nazarbaev. The flag of Kazakhstan consists of 2
color: yellow and blue. There is an eagle in the center
and kazakh ornament in the left. The eagle flyes under
the sun, which mean the freedom of country. The capitol
of our country is Astana, it became a capitol in 1998,
after Almaty. Almaty is a city of a million people, a big
administrative economic and cultural center of my
country. One can observe the entire city from the top of
the hill Zailiiskiy Alatay. Almaty is known for highly
developed engineering, metal-working, wood-working,
light, food and printing industries. Machines made at the
Almaty Heavy Machine Building plant are supplied to
scores of foreign countries. Almaty today is a city of
higher schools and research institutes. Over 100000 young
people attend the higher and secondary specialized
schools. Rich is the cultural life of the city. The
theatre has become an important part of the city's life.
Every night there go on the lights of the national opera,
the Kazakh and Russian dramas, the Korean, the Young
audience Theatre, the Concert halls get crowded. The
biggest book depository here is the Pushkin library.
Almaty is a garden city: the city especially nice in
spring when everything is in blossom. The evening cool of
the summer and the mountain breeze invite you for a walk
about the streets, boulevards and square of the city.
Autumn is beautiful with golden leaves and aroma of Apart
apples. Winter in the city, though not lasting, but
frosty and snowy is beautiful too. Practically every
Almaty teenager goes skating and skiing at this season of
the year, the high attitude 'Medeu' skating-ring is
admirable the whole year round. This sports complex is
known all over the world. It meets it guests with warm
and sun, presents them with happy laughter of children.
It grows better year by year. And now about Astana:
Astana is the capitol of Kazakhstan. First, it called
Tselinograd, then Akmola and now Astana, cause Astana
means capitol in Kazakh. It is the center of Akmola
region. It was founded as Tselinograd in 1960s. Now
Astana is a great administrative industrial and
scientific center. It is the sit of the parliament
government and the president of our country. The
population of the city is more than 277.000 people. Since
Astana has become the capitol of the country mane new
multistoried buildings are constantly appear here. I
didn't visit Astana, but I want, cause people say, that
after becoming a capitol it became a great city. Other
largest cities are: Aktobe, Karaganda, Semipolatinsk.
Kazakhstan is country, where I was born and I live here
for the length of my life. We are proud of our country
believe in its future.